Hyperpigmentation is one of the most common skin concerns in Indian skin tones, and sunscreen might just be the most underrated solution. Whether you’re battling dark spots from acne or melasma patches triggered by sun exposure, consistent sun protection is essential in preventing and managing pigmentation.
In this blog, let’s break down what causes hyperpigmentation, how the sun influences it, and why sunscreen should be your skin’s first line of defence.
What Is Hyperpigmentation and Why Does It Happen?
Hyperpigmentation refers to areas of skin that appear darker than the surrounding skin. This happens when your skin produces excess melanin, the pigment responsible for your skin, hair, and eye colour. While melanin production is your skin’s natural response to protect itself from UV radiation, sometimes it can become overactive and uneven, resulting in pigmentation patches.
Common triggers for hyperpigmentation include:
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UV radiation from sun exposure
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Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in women (melasma)
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Inflammation or skin trauma from acne, cuts, or harsh treatments
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Genetic predisposition
Types of Hyperpigmentation You Should Know
Understanding what type of hyperpigmentation you’re dealing with can help tailor your treatment plan. The two most common types are:
1. Melasma
Characterised by brown or grey-brown patches, melasma often appears on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. It’s commonly triggered by hormonal changes, especially during pregnancy, birth control use, or hormonal therapy and is worsened by sun exposure.
2. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)
PIH occurs after skin trauma or inflammation, such as acne breakouts, insect bites, or burns. As your skin heals, it may produce excess melanin, leaving behind dark marks.
Both types can be intensified by UV exposure, making sun protection non-negotiable in any pigmentation treatment plan.
How Does the Sun Worsen Hyperpigmentation?
When UV rays penetrate your skin, they stimulate melanocytes (your pigment-producing cells) to produce more melanin. In already sensitised skin like skin healing from acne or undergoing hormonal shifts, this response can go into overdrive, creating uneven dark patches.
Even on cloudy days or indoors through windows, UV radiation can reach your skin. That’s why relying on visible sunlight as your cue to wear sunscreen isn’t reliable.
The Role of Sunscreen in Preventing Pigmentation
Sunscreen is your daily shield against UV radiation. It works by either absorbing or reflecting harmful rays, protecting the skin barrier and preventing melanocyte overactivation.
Here’s how sunscreen actively prevents pigmentation:
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Blocks UV-triggered melanin production
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Reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are linked to pigmentation
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Reduces recurrence of melasma and PIH with consistent use
Research shows that daily application of sunscreen alone can significantly reduce the severity of melasma, even without additional brightening products or treatment. (Source)
Choosing the Right Sunscreen for Pigmentation-Prone Skin
Not all sunscreens are created equal, especially when it comes to preventing hyperpigmentation.
Look for these features:
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Broad-spectrum protection
Ensures defence against both UVA (ageing, pigmentation) and UVB (burning) rays.
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SPF 30 or higher
Daily use of SPF 30 is considered adequate for most Indian skin types, but SPF 50 offers extra insurance, especially if you’re outdoors often.
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Physical blockers (zinc oxide or titanium dioxide)
These reflect UV rays and are less likely to irritate sensitive or acne-prone skin.
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Fragrance-free and non-comedogenic
Especially if your skin is sensitive or prone to breakouts.
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Lightweight textures
Gel-based or fluid formulations are great for oily and combination skin.
Pro tip from Dr. Su:
"Sunscreen is your skin’s insurance policy - it won’t show quicker results like a serum, but it’s working quietly in the background, preventing long-term damage and uneven skin tone. It’s one of the most scientifically proven tools we have against pigmentation."
How to Apply Sunscreen Correctly
Sunscreen only works if you use it the right way. Here’s how to maximise protection:
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Apply every morning, 15–30 minutes before sun exposure—even if you’re indoors.
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Use the correct amount—two full fingers for the face and neck is ideal.
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Reapply every 2–3 hours, especially if you’re sweating or outdoors.
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Layer it last in your AM skincare routine:
Cleanser → Serum → Moisturiser → Sunscreen
Additional Sun-Safe Habits That Help
Sunscreen is your base layer of defence, but combine it with other protective habits for better results:
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Wear wide-brimmed hats and UV-protective sunglasses
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Choose full-sleeved clothing if outdoors for long hours
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Use umbrellas or scarves in the strong sun
- Avoid sun exposure between 10 am and 4 pm, when the UV index is highest
These physical blockers work alongside your sunscreen to minimise UV damage.
Final Thoughts: Is Sunscreen Really Worth It?
Absolutely. Hyperpigmentation may seem stubborn, but with consistent sun protection, it becomes significantly easier to manage. Sunscreen doesn’t just prevent new spots; it also helps your existing marks fade faster by reducing continuous UV damage.
While there’s no miracle cure for pigmentation, sunscreen comes pretty close. Think of it as a daily commitment to even, radiant skin.
So, whether you’re using brightening serums, retinoids, or just looking for a low-effort way to improve your skin, start with sunscreen.