Dandruff 101: Causes and Prevention!

What’s the deal with dandruff?

If you've ever hesitated to wear black because of those pesky white flakes on your shoulders, you're not alone. Dandruff is more than just a cosmetic concern—it’s a chronic scalp condition that affects nearly half of the global population at some point.

Despite being incredibly common, dandruff is often misunderstood. Is it just dry skin? Is it contagious? And why does it keep coming back?

Let’s break down the facts—without the fluff.

What is dandruff, really?

Dandruff is a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis, where the scalp sheds skin cells faster than usual. These cells clump together with oil from the scalp, forming visible flakes. It’s usually accompanied by itching, irritation, and sometimes redness.

The primary driver behind this condition is often Malassezia, a yeast that naturally lives on the scalp. In some people, it overgrows and disrupts the scalp’s natural balance, triggering inflammation and flaking.

What triggers dandruff?

Contrary to popular belief, dandruff isn’t just about having a dry scalp. In fact, many different factors can contribute to it, from hormonal shifts to environmental conditions.

Here’s a breakdown of the most common triggers:

Is it dandruff or something else?

Before treating dandruff, it's important to rule out similar-looking conditions:

• Dry scalp: Flakes are usually smaller, and there’s less itch or redness.
  
• Psoriasis: Red, raised plaques with silvery scales—often thicker than dandruff flakes.
  
• Fungal infections: Localized, circular patches and hair loss in severe cases.
  
• Contact dermatitis: Triggered by hair products or allergens.
  

If you're unsure, consult a dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis.

What actually works: Ingredients to look for

The best way to manage dandruff is to treat both the underlying cause (Malassezia) and the visible symptoms (flakes, itchiness, irritation). Here's what to look for in your products:

1. Antifungals

Target the root cause—Malassezia.

• Ketoconazole – Clinically proven to reduce fungal overgrowth.
  
• Selenium Sulfide – Slows down skin cell turnover and suppresses yeast.
  
• Zinc Pyrithione (ZPT) – Reduces fungal population and inflammation.
  

2. Keratolytics

Help loosen and lift stubborn flakes.

• Salicylic Acid – A beta-hydroxy acid that gently exfoliates dead skin.
  
• Sulfur – Mild antifungal with exfoliating and oil-regulating properties.
  

3. Scalp barrier-supportive agents

Soothe and protect irritated skin.

• Panthenol – Moisturizes and supports healing.
  
• Niacinamide – Strengthens barrier function and reduces inflammation.
  
• Tea Tree Oil – Natural antifungal and anti-inflammatory (use in low concentrations only).
  

Prevention: What your routine should include

Managing dandruff isn’t just about what you apply—it’s also about how you care for your scalp consistently.

• Use a treatment shampoo 2–3 times a week: Don’t overdo it; balance is key.
  
• Alternate with a gentle, pH-balanced cleanser: Especially if your scalp is sensitive.
  
• Avoid harsh styling products: Gels, sprays, and waxes can clog follicles and worsen buildup.
  
• Rinse thoroughly: Residue from shampoos and conditioners can aggravate the scalp.
  
• Mind your diet: Zinc, biotin, omega-3s, and hydration support scalp health from within.
  
• Manage stress: It’s not just about skin—it impacts hormones, immunity, and inflammation.
  

Final Thoughts from Dr. Su

Dandruff may be one of the most persistent scalp concerns—but the good news is, it’s also one of the most manageable with the right approach. At Dr. Su, we believe in scalp-first haircare that’s rooted in science, not quick fixes.

If you're dealing with flakes, start by simplifying your routine, using proven ingredients, and treating your scalp with as much care as your skin.

Your scalp is skin, after all—and healthy hair begins there.